About a century ago, the Anaconda Copper Mine complex near Butte, Montana, was emitting vast amounts of air pollution into the atmosphere. As small particles of arsenic and other heavy metals were carried by winds over the Arctic, storms eventually helped pull them to the ground, where they joined layers of history embedded in the ice.
Global carbon pollution dropped this year ever so slightly, but it's more because of oil shocks reverberating from the Iran war than anything the world has done to fight climate change, scientists said in a new study.
In 1974, the University of Melbourne's chemistry professor Richard Robson had the idea of replacing the wooden balls and metal rods used in structural models with molecules and chemical bonds. He began experimenting with copper ions linked by a four-armed organic molecule, creating a structure with a cavity. His work laid the foundation for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous materials formed by linking metal ions with organic molecules. Their pores can capture pollutants, support chemical reactions and store gases, giving MOFs a wide range of potential applications.
Archaeological excavation uncovers the past but also changes the landscape that has preserved sites for centuries or millennia. These changes influence water flow, soil erosion and the stability of exposed remains. Researchers from Istanbul Technical University and the U.S. have shown how computer models can assist archaeologists in understanding and planning for these effects, especially regarding erosion risks. Using an Early Bronze Age settlement in Türkiye as a case study, they reconstructed the landscape before and after excavation.
Artificial intelligence is increasingly becoming part of everyday life and work. AI can generate information, summarize evidence and perform calculations. However, it does not remove the need for critical thinking and conceptual understanding.
Researchers at the UVSOR Synchrotron Facility (Institute for Molecular Science, Japan) and partner institutions have observed the decay of a xenon 4d core hole, an inner-shell vacancy, directly in the time domain. They used pairs of phase-coherent extreme ultraviolet pulses from a synchrotron to make the photoelectron wave packets they released interfere. The contrast of the interference fringes decreased over a few femtoseconds as the delay between the pulses increased. A model using literature core-hole lifetimes of about 6 femtoseconds reproduced this rapid decay of the fringe contrast. The study is published in the journal Physical Review A.
Building an accurate model of how atoms interact is a complicated process. Researchers must choose new calculations, test successive models and track the mechanisms behind each interaction. But a newly developed AI agent called MLP Copilot has made this process much easier by bridging computational tools and scientific evidence with human supervision.
A KAIST-led research team has characterized how light propagates through and is absorbed by barium titanate (BTO), a promising material for next-generation optical communication devices. By clarifying optical properties that had been difficult to determine because of the material's complex internal structure, the study provides a foundation for designing these devices.
Dehydrating milk to turn it into powder is, today, an energy-intensive process that subjects the product to high temperatures. Powdered milk is widely used by the food industry and allows the product to be stored and transported in a stable condition for long periods of time without the need for refrigeration. While industrial methods are effective, they have high energy costs and can alter heat-sensitive components, such as whey proteins, enzymes or vitamins.
Global carbon emissions from fossil fuels are projected to decrease by 0.4% in 2026—driven by expansion of solar and wind power and the Iran conflict—according to new research by the Global Carbon Project. The 2026 edition (the 21st annual report) is published in the journal Earth System Science Data.
