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כתבות אחרונות מאתר 'Phys'
Phys

Study finds imported ozone blunted Europe, US gains from NOx cuts‎

In North America and Europe, emissions of ozone precursors such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) declined by half between 2000 and 2018. However, the ozone content of the air—and thus the risk to human health—has not decreased proportionally. Until now, theories about the causes have been largely based on conjecture. Scientists from the Research Institute for Sustainability (RIFS) at GFZ and collaborators have now provided more clarity. Their study, published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, shows that the weaker-than-expected decline of ozone is mainly driven by increased transport of ozone produced abroad.

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Phys

RNA droplets may have accelerated prebiotic Earth's development of complex molecules‎

The origin of life from Earth's primordial chemistry has long fascinated and perplexed us. Generations of scientists have endeavored to understand how complex biochemistry developed from organic compounds. Researchers at UC Santa Barbara have recently found that the conditions inside certain, naturally forming droplets promote reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions, which are crucial for life. The results support the idea that these droplets could have acted as proto-enzymes, enabling the formation of more complicated organic molecules.

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Phys

Freestanding 3D MXene structures push the limits of microscale devices‎

In a breakthrough that could power next-generation electronics, sensors, and energy storage devices, CMU engineers have developed a fabrication technique that arranges MXene nanosheets, each a million times thinner than a sheet of paper, into complex 3D structures in just a single printing step.

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Phys

Direct imaging captures the crystalline vibrations of a supersolid made of atoms and light‎

The 20th century was marked by the discovery of exotic states of matter. First, liquid helium was observed to flow without friction at extremely low temperatures, a phase now known as superfluid. Soon after, it was also discovered that under appropriate external conditions, some materials can conduct electricity without resistance; these materials were therefore named superconductors.

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Phys

New chemi-mechanical process removes pigments and restores properties in recycled plastics‎

Researchers in Worcester Polytechnic Institute's Department of Chemical Engineering and at the University of Akron have published research in Chemical Engineering Journal about a new technology that seeks to solve long-standing challenges in plastic recycling that limit the overwhelming majority of plastics to a single use and contribute to the accumulation of plastic waste.

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Phys

Silica nanocomposite can generate biocides on demand‎

A surface capable of responding to chemical signals generated by microorganisms and automatically producing biocidal substances—this is not a futuristic vision, but a description of how the B-STING silica nanocomposite works. The new material, developed at the Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow, acts as a nanofactory of reactive oxygen species, activating itself only when necessary.

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Phys

Growing meltwater reservoirs—glacial lakes are both a resource and a habitat worthy of protection‎

Should growing glacial lakes be used for energy production and water supply—or remain protected as ecologically valuable systems? A research team from the University of Potsdam, together with partners from the University of Leeds, has recorded the distribution and volume of glacial lakes worldwide. Their findings allow various usage scenarios to be derived, particularly in areas where the largest glaciers still exist today. Their article has been published in Nature Water.

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Phys

MXene nanoscrolls could improve energy storage, biosensors and more‎

Researchers from Drexel University who discovered a versatile type of two-dimensional conductive nanomaterial called MXene nearly a decade and a half ago, have now reported on a process for producing its one-dimensional cousin: the MXene nanoscroll. The group posits that these materials, which are 100 times thinner than human hair yet more conductive than their two-dimensional counterparts, could be used to improve the performance of energy storage devices, biosensors and wearable technology.

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Phys

How fire-loving fungi learned to eat charcoal‎

Wildfire causes most living things to flee or die, but some fungi thrive afterward, even feasting on charred remains. New University of California, Riverside research finds the secret to post-fire flourishing hidden in their genes. The study is among the first to investigate how fungi that are barely detectable in the soil before a fire are able to proliferate wildly once an area has burned.

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Phys

Biodegradable polymers used to develop eco-friendly, high-performance gas sensors‎

Air pollutants like nitrogen dioxide (NO2), primarily produced during fossil fuel combustion, pose a serious concern for human health, contributing to respiratory diseases like pulmonary edema, bronchitis, and asthma. Effective air-quality monitoring therefore requires portable gas sensors that offer high sensitivity, selectivity, and long-term stability. Among existing technologies, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are promising for highly sensitive portable sensors with their lightweight, flexible, and simple-to-fabricate structure.

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